Radio Cheat Sheet

The formulas that make radio work automatic — every one referenced to the FAA. Screenshot it, print it, learn it.

The formula

The Read-Back

[ instruction + every number, verbatim ] + [ your call sign ]

Read it back — don’t just say “roger.” If you don’t read it back, the controller doesn’t know you got it right.

Always read back
  • · Hold-short instructions (verbatim)
  • · Runway assignments — taxi, takeoff, land
  • · Altitude, heading, airspeed, route
  • · Frequency changes & transponder codes
  • · Altimeter settings
Acknowledge only
  • · Traffic advisories (“traffic in sight”)
  • · Wind, weather, general info
Miss a hold-short and it’s an automatic checkride fail — and a real runway incursion.
FAA AIM 4-3-18 · 4-4-7
The formula

Saying Numbers

FAA AIM 4-2-3 · 4-2-9
AltitudeAll digits in full5,500 → “five thousand five hundred”
Altitude ≥ 10,000Each thousands digit11,000 → “one one thousand”
FrequencyEach digit + “point”118.3 → “one one eight point three”
SquawkDigit by digit4521 → “four five two one”
RunwayEach digit + L/R/C28L → “two eight left”
HeadingThree digits070 → “zero seven zero”

Pronounce 3 = “tree”, 5 = “fife”, 9 = “niner” — and never “fifty-five hundred” or “forty-five twenty-one.”

The formula

The Initial Call

FAA AIM 4-2-1 · 4-2-3
Who you’re calling · who you are · where you are · what you want

“Hilo Ground, Cessna One Two Three Four Five, GA ramp, ready to taxi.”

Pack it into one transmission so the controller doesn’t have to ask follow-ups. Wait for a reply before continuing.

Reading the chart

Airport Signs & Markings

FAA AIM 2-3 · AC 150/5340-18
16R
Red = mandatory. A red runway-holding sign means STOP — do not cross onto that runway without a clearance. The hold-short line on the pavement is two solid + two dashed yellow lines; stay on the solid side.
A
Yellow = location. A yellow sign with a black border tells you the taxiway you are on. Yellow direction signs (black text) point to taxiways ahead.
∙∙∙
Movement area boundary. A solid + dashed yellow line marks where the tower-controlled movement area begins. Don’t cross it without ground/tower.

On the diagram, find your position, the assigned taxiways, and the hold-short line before you start rolling — then read the route back.

Phraseology

Standard Words — and What Never to Say

FAA P/CG · AIM 4-2-3
Say
  • Roger — I received your message
  • Wilco — I will comply
  • Affirmative / Negative — yes / no
  • Say again — repeat your last
  • Unable — I can’t do that
Never say
  • copy / copy that — read it back
  • 10-4 — CB slang
  • will do / for sure — say “wilco”
  • roger that — just “roger”

“Roger” ≠ “yes” and ≠ “I’ll comply.”

FAA sources

Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Ch. 2 & 4 · Pilot/Controller Glossary · Advisory Circulars 90-66, 91-73, 150/5340-18. Public-domain FAA publications — verify against the current edition; not for navigation.